UC-NRLF 


B    M    032    3M3 


ROMANI  AND  DARD 


By 
GEORGE  F.  BLACK,  Ph.D. 


NEW  YORK 

PUBLIC   LIBRARY 

1916 


ROMANI  AND  DARD 


By 

GEORGE  F.   BLACK,  Ph.D. 


NEW  YORK 

PUBLIC    LIBRARY 

I  9 1  6 


Reprinted    August    1916 

FROM    THE 

Bulletin   of  The  New   York  Public   Library 

OF 

May   1916 


w 


ROMANI    AND    DARD^  v/ y^ 


By    George   F.    Black,    Ph.D. 


/^^  N  looking  over  Leitner's  Vocabulaire  comparatif  dcs  langnes  parlees  entre 
^^  Kaboiil  et  Kachrnir  ^  I  was  struck  with  the  close  resemblance  many  of 
the  words  in  his  lists  bore  to  Romani.  More  careful  study  of  his  vocabu- 
laries, which  include  ten  languages,  has  enabled  me  to  compile  the  following 
comparative  list. 

The  Romani  words  are  all  from  Paspati.^  (As.)  distinguishes  Asiatic- 
Romani  words  given  by  him.  Where  the  Dard  word  has  the  same  meaning 
as  the  Romani  no  translation  of  it  is  given. 

The  Dard  languages  listed  by  Leitner  are  the  following: 

Ar.  =  Arnyia.   Spoken  in  Chitral.  The  language  is  also  known  as  Chitrali. 

As.  =  Astori.    A  dialect  of  Shina.    Astor  is  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Indus. 

Deh.  =  Dehgani. 

Gh.  =  Ghilgiti  or  Gilgiti.  A  dialect  of  Shina,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Indus  along  the  lower  course  of  the  Gilgit  river.  Both  gs  are  pronounced 
hard  like  g  in  give. 

Ghal.  =  Ghalchah. 

K.  =  Kachmiri. 

Kaf.  =  Kafiri.    The  language  of  the  Siah-Posh  tribes  of  Kafirstan. 

Kal.  =  Kalasha-Mander.     The  language  of  the  Bashgeli  Kafirs. 

Kand.  =  Kandia  or  Kilia. 

Kh.  =  Khajuna.     Spoken  by  the  people  of  Henza  and  Nager. 

Shina  or  Sina  is  the  language  spoken  by  the  people  of  Astor,  Gilgit,  Chilas, 
etc.    The  Dards  are  an  Aryan  people,  speaking  a  Sanskritic  tongue. 

Romani  Dard 

(1)  agori  "horse"  (As.)     -----     hagurr,  haghiirr,  Kh. 

(2)  angar   "coal"       - yangar,  K.    dngdr,  Kand.;  angar,  Ar.,  Deh.,  angdr, 

aiigd,  K.  "fire." 


^  This  is  the  third  article  on  Romani  to  appear  in  the  Bulletin.  The  otliers  were  An  Amcrican- 
Romani  Vocabulary,  by  Albert  Thomas  Sinclair,  compiled  and  edited  by  (Jeorge  V.  Black,  published  in  the 
Bulletin  October,  1915,  vol.  19,  p.  727-738;  and  Avesta  and  Romani,  also  by  Sinclair,  and  also  edited  l»y 
Dr.  Black,  in  the  Bulletin  December,  1915,  vol.   19,  p.  955-957. 

2  Congres  international  des  sciences  ethnographiqucs,  tenu  a  Paris  dn  15  an  17  juillet,  1878.  Comftes 
rendus,  p.  898-1003.     Paris,  1881. 

^  Etudes  sur  les  Tchinghiancs  on  Bohctniens  dc  I'empire  Ottoman.      Constantinople,    1870. 

[3  J 


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•nil-:  NEW  YOlvlK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

Ro.MAM  DaRD 

angi'tl  "finger"    (As.)        -     .     -     -  aiujinr,  Kal. 

aiigtistri   "ring"        ------  aiigushtcr,  Kal.;   tingtista,  Kaf.;  augu.zcri,  Kami. 

ani  "egg"    (As.)      ------  hane,  Gh. 

as-ava  "to  laugh"  ------  Jiass  (imp.),  A.s. 

habo   "father"    (As.)    -----  baba,  Deh. 

bakro  "sheep"     -------  bakaro  "he  goat,"  Kand. 

bal  "hair"       --------  bal  "wool  of  goats,"  Kh.;  zval  "hair,"  K. 

baldjan,  badjaii  "eggplant"   (As.)  bad-riinga  "cucumber,"  Deh. 

bard  "great,  large"  ------  baro,  Gh. 

bash-ava  "to  cry,  call"     -     -     -     -  bash  "abuse,"  Gh. 

bav  "foot"  (As.)     ------  pad,  K. 

b'lbi   "aunt"     --------  papi  (lit.  "sister  of  father"),  Gh. 

but    "much"    --------  bhut,  Kh. 

dad,  dat  "father"    ------  tat,  Ghal.;  tat,  Ar.;  tatt,  Kaf. 

danf  "tooth"  --------  dont,  dint,  and  dimt,  Kaf.;  doiin,  Gh.,  As.,  Ar. 

dar  "door"      --------  darr,  Gh. 

dd-va  "to  give"  -------  dc,  Deh.;  dc,  Gh.,  As.,  Kal.;  di,  K.  (all  imp.) 

dives   "dav"    --------     des,  Gh.;  dcis  and  dis,  Kand.;  dies.  As.;  duwas, 

Deh. 

djib  "language"    (As.)      -     -     -    -     djipp,   Kand.;    djipp,   Kal.;   jipp,  As.,   Gh.  —  all 

=  "tongue." 

djor,   tcJwr  "beard"     -----     dor,  K.;  dari,  Kand.;  darce,  Deh.;  dan,  Kaf. 

djov   "barley"     -------     yS,  Gh.;  yu,  Kaf.;  ya,  Deh. 

dur   "long"     --------     dfir  "far,"  As.,  Gh.,  K.,  Kand. 

gadjo   "stranger"     ------     nadjan,  Ar.     \gdtsJia  "a  stranger"   (anyone  who  is 

not  a  Changar).  —  Leitner,  Sketch  of  the  Chan- 
gars,  p.  9.] 

giir  "foot"    (As.)    ------  kiir,   Kand.;    kur,   kor,   hiitr,   Kaf.;    kurr,   Kal.; 

kher,  K. 

hirtch  "bear"    (As.)     -----  drtc;,  Ar.;  itsh,  Kand. 

kak    "armpit"      -------  dkhae,  Kh. 

kann    "ear"     --------  kdnn,  kon,  As.,  Gh.;  kaiin,  K.;   kdn,  Kand. 

kasht   "wood"     -------  katsh  "forest,"  Ar. 

kcr   "house"   --------  gharo,  K. 

kerdl   "cheese"     -------  kirar,  Deh.;  killd,  kela,  Kaf. 

khar    "hole"    --------     kor,  Gh.;    kor,  As.,  gdro,  Kand.     All   meaning 

"hole." 

klid-va  "to  eat"  -------  khd.  As.,  Gh.;  khe,  K.  =  "eat"   (imp.) 

kher   "ass"      --------  khar,  K.;  kharr,  Kand.;  kliaray,  Deh. 

kiii-ava    "to   1  uy"     ------  gine  "buy"   (imp.),  Kand. 

kill  "Initter"   --------  ghil,  Kand. 

lokd   "light"    --------  Idko,  Gh.,  As. 

laid  "red"       --------  lolo.  As.;  loilu,  Gh. 


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ROMANI  AND  DARD  5 

ROMANI  DaRI) 

Ion  "salt"  ---------  Ion,  Kal.;  loon,  Deh.;  IiUii,  Kand. 

maki  "fly"      --------  niaclih,  K.;  matshi,  Gh.,  As.;  maks,  Ghal. 

mannsh   "man"   -------  maniis,  Kaf.;  mtishd,  pi.  manujje,  Gh.;  musha,  pi. 

mannjje.  As. 

?»a.y  "meat"    --------  ?;;«;-,  K.;  jHo^r  "flesh,"  Gh.,  As.;  ntasiu,  Kand. 

mdsek  "month"  -------  ;;?a.y  "moon,"  Ar.,  Kaf. 

mate  ho   "fish"     -------  matzi,  Ar.,  Kal. 

matfo   "drunk"    -------  iii2tt,  K. 

viishto  "good,  pleasant"  -     -     -     -  uiishto  "good,"  Gh..  As. 

moh  "face"   (As.)   ------  mukh,  Ar.,  Kaf.,  Kand.;  miikk,  Gh.;  vibkh,  K. 

mol  "wine"    --------  ^nd^  Kh. 

nat-cheri   "dance"    ------  nat-kari  "dance"   (imp.),  Kal. 

nav  "name"    --------  nan.',  K. 

nile  "blue"    (As.)    ------  uilo,  Gh.,  As.;  n'llo,  Kand.,  nila,  Kal. 

pant    "water"       -------  pony,  K. 

parno  "white"     -------  pancro,  Kand. 

patrin  "leaf"  --------  patr,  K.;  puttra,  Deh.;  patu,  Gli.;  pattii,  As. 

peko    "cooked"   -------  pakko  "ripe,"  Gh.,  As. 

pen   "sister"   --------  bei'i,  Kand. 

pendir  "cheese"  (As.)  -----  panir,  Ghal. 

phurano,  purano   "old"     -     -     -     -  pariino,  Kh.;  prano,  Gh.,  As.;  praiiu,  Ar.,  K. 

pishika,  pisika  "cat"    -----  pishak,    Deh.;    pushak,    Kal.;    />;/.?/»',    .^r.;    pishati, 


pishiu,  Kaf.;  /'/.rA,  Ghal.;  bush,  Kli.;  ^ffj/;,  Kand. 

(61)  pishot  "bellows"      ------  pusliJic,  "blow,"  imp.,  Kal. 

(62)  porikin    "fruit   tree"     -----  birdng  "tree,"  Kh. 

(63)  posom,  poshom  "wool"    -     -     -     -  pashmina,  As.;  pasli,  Gh. 

(64)  pral   "brother"    -------  brar,  Ar. 

(65)  piishto  "back"    (As.)   -----  plto,  Gh. 

(66)  piitchdva  "to  ask"  ------  putchi  "ask"  (imper.),  Kal. 

(67)  ratt  "blood"   --------  rdt,  rdto,  Kand.;  rath,  K. 

(68)  ratt  "night"    --------  ratt,  Kal.;  rati.  As.,  Gh. 

(69)  ritchini    "bear"         ------  itch.  As.,  Gh.;  itsh,  Kand.;  itc,  Kal. 

(70)  rup   "silver"   --------  yup.  As.,  Gh.,  Kh.;  rCip,  Kand.;  rop,  K. 

(71)  sap  "serpent"      -------  sanip,  K. 

(72)  sarro    "all"     --------  sari,  sorui,  K. 

(7?))   shastcr    "iron"     -------  sliistcrr,  K. 

(74)  sherd   "head"      -------  sher,  K.;  shir,  Deh.;  sdr,  Ghal;  sorr,  Ar. 

(75)  shila    "fever"      -------  shdl,  Gh.,  Kaf. 

(76)  shilalo    "cold"     -------  shidalo,  Gh. 

(77)  shing    "horn"       -------  shhig,   Gh.;   shang,   Deh.;   singh,   Kaf.;   /u'a;;*;   and 

/z«?M5r,  K. 

(78)  shiiko   "dry"   --------  shiiko.  As.,  Gh.;  shiikclo,  Kand. 


6  .    THE  NEW  YORK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

ROMANI  DaRD 

(79)  shunava  "hear"  -------     shiiiin,  As.;  kshilin,  Deh. 

(80)  sovava  "sleep"         ------     so,  Gh.,  As.     (imper.) 

(81)  stiari  "star"  (As.)  ------     star,  Ghal.;  isidri.  At.;  istarik,  Deh.;  faro,  Gh..  K., 

Kand. 

(82)  sukdr  "beautiful"    ------  sugai,  Kand. 

(83)  tatto   "hot"     --------  tatd,  Gh.,  As. 

(84)  tcham   "cheek"    -------  harom,  Gh.;  hardnt,  As.;  harame,  Kand. 

(85)  tchar  "grass"      -------  tshdr,  K.;  tschdrr,  Gh.,  As. 

(86)  tchi   "gill"      --------  tshey  "woman,"  Gh.,  As. 

(87)  tchinn-ava  "cut"      - tshinn  (imper.),  Gh.,  As.;  tshinni,  Kal. 

(88)  tchuri,  tchori  "knife"  -----  tshiirr,  Gh.,  Kh. 

(89)  tover   "axe"    --------  tipar,  Ghal. 

(90)  vanro  "egg"  --------  ondrak,  Kal. 

(91)  varo  "flour"  --------  brai,  bre,  Kaf. 

(92)  vast  "hand"    --------     host,  Ar.;  has,  Kand.;  dhast,  Ghal.;  dosht,  dusht, 

Kaf. 

(93)  vat   "stone"    --------     bat,  Kand.;  batt,  Gh.,  As.,  Kal. 

(94)  vcsh    "forest"      -------     katsh,  Ar. 

(95)  viisht  "lip"     --------     iisht  "lips,  mouth,"  Kal.;  usht  "lips,"  Kaf.;   oosht 

"lips,"  Deh. 


,■.-,,. jS'-vO^',, 


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